REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE MARKETING INTERNACIONAL

O comércio internacional tem uma importância crucial nos indicadores macroeconómicos de um país, na sua balança comercial e no seu equilíbrio financeiro. Muitas empresas para obterem economias de escala, necessitam de se internacionalizar, tornando-se globais ao entrarem em mercados em que não estão presentes. Para acompanhar esse desenvolvimento externo, as organizações precisam de técnicas e estratégias inovadoras que lhes permitam ser competitivas, recorrendo desta forma ao marketing internacional, enquanto ferramenta de gestão, que lhes permite adequar a sua estratégia de expansão com as caraterísticas do mercado de destino. Afigurando-se desta forma, o tema do marketing internacional, como extremamente relevante, definimos como objetivo efetuar um levantamento dos seus principais elementos distintivos e caraterizadores, adotando uma metodologia proposta por alguns autores, que passou pela revisão bibliográfica de artigos de reconhecida relevância científica, de forma a criarmos um forte marco teórico sobre este assunto. Com base neste estudo, podemos então concluir que o marketing internacional é uma ferramenta fundamental para as empresas que se pretendem internacionalizar, pois utiliza uma metodologia de análise dos mercados de destino, que permite a adaptação das estratégias de internacionalização aos principais fatores críticos de sucesso, nomeadamente às diferenças culturais e sociais, à legislação geral e específica do setor de atividade da empresa, às necessidades e desejos do público alvo que se pretende atingir no país de destino, ao ambiente politico, à geografia e clima, às ofertas dos concorrentes para aqueles mercados, às características culturais e psicológicas dos consumidores, às barreiras tarifárias e às regulamentações governamentais especificas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social familiarity modulates personality trait in a cichlid fish

Personality traits, such as exploration-avoidance, are expected to be adaptive in a given context (e.g. low-risk environment) but to be maladaptive in others (e.g. high-risk environment). Therefore, it is expected that personality traits are flexible and respond to environmental fluctuations, given that consistency across different contexts is maintained, so that the relative individual responses in relation to others remains the same (i.e. although the magnitude of the response varies the differences between high and low responders are kept). Here, we tested the response of male cichlid fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) to a novel object (NO) in three different social contexts: (i) social isolation, (ii) in the presence of an unfamiliar conspecific, and (iii) in the presence of a familiar conspecific. Males in the familiar treatment exhibited more exploratory behaviour and less neophobia than males in either the unfamiliar or the social isolation treatments. However, there were no overall correlations in individual behaviour across the three treatments, suggesting a lack of consistency in exploration-avoidance as measured by the NO test in this species. Moreover, there were no differences in cortisol responsiveness to an acute stressor between the three treatments. Together, these results illustrate how behavioural traits usually taken as measures of personality may exhibit significant flexibility and lack the expected consistency across different social contexts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lysis buffer properties: influence on S. epidermidis biofilm proteome analysis

Besides being part of human commensal flora, S. epidermidis has the ability to colonize and form biofilms in artificial implants. Due to the particular characteristics of biofilms, conventional methods used to disrupt and lyses biofilms from Gram positive bacteria may include association between mechanical, enzymatic and chemical methods. Nevertheless, proteomic characterization is highly dependent of the extraction procedure. In order to characterize proteome from S. epidermidis biofilms grown in glucose excess, we used mechanical lysis (glass beads) associated with two distinct lysis solution with different charge characteristic detergents, namely, SDS (an ionic detergent) or CHAPS (a zwitterionic detergent). Protein extracted was separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS/MS. SDS lysis buffer combined with glass-beads showed the highest number of identified proteins (332 proteins). With zwitterionic detergent extraction, most the identified proteins presented a lower GRAVY value (grand average of hydropathy) and a protein molecular weight under 30 KDa. In overall, this work evidence that SDS lysis buffer is the optimal protocol to proteome analysis of S. epidermidis biofilms

Towards Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm dormancy characterization

Book of Abstracts of CEB Annual Meeting 2017info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Paramiloidosis in Portugal:reflection on the hepatic transplantation paradigm motivated by an actual case

A Polineuropatia Amiloidótica Familiar de tipo português (PAF) ou ATTR V30M é uma doença hereditária cuja prevalência em Portugal é elevada, sendo diagnosticados cerca de 60 novos casos todos os anos. Uma doente com PAF submeteu-se a um segundo transplante hepático de um dador cadavérico depois de se ter constatado que o primeiro dador era portador de TTR V30M. Com este artigo breve pretende-se realizar uma reflexão sobre o interesse, a prática e o enquadramento legal que condicionam a realização de testes genéticos preditivos em dadores de fígado na transplantação de doentes com paramiloidose. A determinação da presença (ou não) de proteína mutada no soro do segundo dador foi realizada por espectrometria de massa precedida de imunoprecipitação da proteína transtirretina. A realização de testes genéticos que permitam determinar a condição de portador de TTR V30M em dadores de fígado, deveria ser considerada no quadro das políticas de transplante em Portugal.Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy, Portuguese type (FAP), ATTR V30M, is a hereditary disease with high prevalence in Portugal, where 60 new cases are diagnosed each year. An FAP patient underwent a second liver transplantation from a cadaveric donor to treat her condition, after it was discovered that the first donor was a TTR V30M carrier. The purpose of this brief report is to contribute to a reflection on the interest, the procedures and the legal framework that steers the use of predictive genetic tests of liver donors in the transplantation of FAP patients. The presence or absence of the mutated protein in the donor serum was established by immunoprecipitation of TTR followed by mass spectrometry analysis. The implementation of predictive TTR V30M genetic tests, directed at liver donors in the transplantation of FAP patients, should be considered in the framework of the Portuguese transplant policies

Enhancing the cognitive interview with an alternative procedure to witness-compatible questioning: category clustering recall

The Cognitive Interview (CI) is one of the most widely studied and used methods to interview witnesses. However, new component techniques for further increasing correct recall are still crucial. We focused on how a new and simpler interview strategy, Category Clustering Recall (CCR), could increase recall in comparison with witness-compatible questioning and tested if a Revised Cognitive Interview (RCI) with CCR instead of witness-compatible questioning and without the change order and change perspective mnemonics would be effective for this purpose. Participants watched a mock robbery video and were interviewed 48 hours later with either the CI or the RCI. Recalled information was classified as either correct, incorrect or confabulation. Although exclusion of the change order and change perspective mnemonics in the RCI group might have caused a slight decrease in recall during the last interview phases, the RCI group generally produced more correct information than the CI group, with a lower number of confabulations. Further analyses revealed CCR was largely responsible for this increase in correct recall. CCR is a very promising interview technique which allowed the interviewer to obtain more detailed information without additional questions and may have, in certain situations, several practical advantages over a questioning phase.N/

Proteomic profile of dormancy within Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms using iTRAQ and label-free strategies

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important nosocomial bacterium among carriers of indwelling medical devices, since it has a strong ability to form biofilms. The presence of dormant bacteria within a biofilm is one of the factors that contribute to biofilm antibiotic tolerance and immune evasion. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of the quantitative proteomic profile of S. epidermidis biofilms with different proportions of dormant bacteria. A total of 427 and 409 proteins were identified by label-free and label-based quantitative methodologies, respectively. From these, 29 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between S. epidermidis biofilms with prevented and induced dormancy. Proteins overexpressed in S. epidermidis with prevented dormancy were associated with ribosome synthesis pathway, which reflects the metabolic state of dormant bacteria. In the opposite, underexpressed proteins were related to catalytic activity and ion binding, with involvement in purine, arginine, and proline metabolism. Additionally, GTPase activity seems to be enhanced in S. epidermidis biofilm with induced dormancy. The role of magnesium in dormancy modulation was further investigated with bioinformatics tool based in predicted interactions. The main molecular function of proteins, which strongly interact with magnesium, was nucleic acid binding. Different proteomic strategies allowed to obtain similar results and evidenced that prevented dormancy led to an expression of a markedly different repertoire of proteins in comparison to the one of dormant biofilms.This work was funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) and COMPETE grants PTDC/BIA-MIC/113450/2009, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-014309, QOPNA research unit (project PEst-C/QUI/UI0062/2013), RNEM (National Mass Spectrometry Network), and CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002034. The authors also thank the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013, the Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER, and the project RECI/EBB-EBI/0179/2012, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462. VC has an individual FCT fellowship (SFRH/BD/78235/2011). NC is an Investigator FCT

A perceção do turista sobre a preservação do património natural e cultural na região dos Picos da Europa

Resumo O presente trabalho inseriu-se no estágio de mestrado em Ecoturismo, realizado no âmbito do Programa Erasmus, na região nos Picos da Europa, Astúrias – Espanha. Neste relatório pretende-se divulgar o trabalho de estágio realizado na empresa de acolhimento e investigar o perfil do turista que visita a região dos Picos da Europa e a sua perceção sobre a preservação do património natural e cultural dessa região. Foi realizada a caraterização e o enquadramento geral do destino turístico “Picos da Europa”, com revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos de Património Natural e Cultural, bem como da necessidade da preservação do referido património. A metodologia para concretizar o objetivo proposto (pesquisa descritiva com recolha de dados através de questionário aplicado a uma amostra de duzentos e um turistas na região) e a elaboração das imprescindíveis análises técnicas de dados estatísticos, mapas e gráficos, mereceu pormenorização adequada, por forma a obter conclusões muito concretas das situações que foram objeto de estudo. Depois de avaliadas as suas motivações e aplicado o Método de Custo de Viagem para compreender quais as variáveis que mais influenciam a procura do local como destino de férias, o estudo aponta para que estejamos perante um turista de natureza “soft”. Palavras-Chave: Picos da Europa, Meio natural, Turismo ativo, Património, Perfil do turista, Método Custo de Viagem Abstract The present work was part of the Master's degree in Ecotourism, carried out under the Erasmus Program, in the region of Picos de Europa, Asturias - Spain. The purpose of this report is to publish the traineeship work carried out at the host company and to investigate the Picos de Europa tourists’ profile and their view on the natural and cultural heritage preservation of that region. A characterization and general framework of the tourist destination "Picos de Europa" was carried out, along with a bibliographical revision of the Natural and Cultural Heritage concepts, as well as the necessity of preserving said heritage, in the context of the sustainable development. The methodology for achieving the proposed objective (descriptive survey with data collection through a questionnaire applied to a sample of two hundred and one tourists in the region) and the elaboration of the indispensable technical analysis of statistical data, maps and graphs, deserved appropriate detail, so as to obtain very concrete conclusions about the situations that were object of study. After evaluating their motivations and applying the Travel Cost Method to understand which variables have a greater influence on the demand for this place as a holiday destination, the study points out that we are facing a tourist of the “soft” type. Keywords: Picos de Europa, Natural environment, Active tourism, Heritage, Tourist profile, Travel Cost Metho